{"id":52159,"date":"2021-08-02T15:18:33","date_gmt":"2021-08-02T14:18:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/?page_id=52159"},"modified":"2025-03-11T15:08:31","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T15:08:31","slug":"synthesis-of-double-stranded-oligonucleotides","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/synthesis-of-double-stranded-oligonucleotides\/","title":{"rendered":"Synthesis of double stranded oligonucleotides"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-as-well-as-having-the-technology-to-produce-a-single-stranded-oligonucleotide-almac-also-has-the-capabilities-to-produce-double-stranded-oligonucleotides\">As well as having the technology to produce a single stranded oligonucleotide, Almac also has the capabilities to produce double stranded oligonucleotides.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>There are a number of different strategies that utilise both single stranded RNAL ligases (ssRNAL) and double stranded RNA ligases (dsRNAL) to accomplish production of the double stranded oligonucleotides. To create a double stranded oligonucleotide a range of short complementary RNA sequences, natural, unnatural or a mixture can be assembled and annealed before using ligase enzymes to join the adjacent fragments as illustrated in the figure below.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image u-p-y2\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"246\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/DS-RNA-1024x840-1-300x246.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52160 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/DS-RNA-1024x840-1-300x246.png 300w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/DS-RNA-1024x840-1-768x630.png 768w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/DS-RNA-1024x840-1.png 1024w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/246;\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"246\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/DS-RNA-1024x840-1-300x246.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/DS-RNA-1024x840-1-300x246.png 300w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/DS-RNA-1024x840-1-768x630.png 768w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/DS-RNA-1024x840-1.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The diverse selectAZyme\u2122 RNAL panel facilitates the screening of various strategies to construct double stranded oligonucleotides.&nbsp; A number of approaches are possible, as outlined below, where the optimal enzyme can be identified for each critical step of the process towards the final double stranded product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-preparation-of-building-blocks\">Preparation of building blocks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Template independent synthesis of single stranded RNA using Almac selectAZyme \u2122 single strand RNA Ligase (ssRNAL) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALKP) panels.&nbsp; Single nucleotide addition can also be performed.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image u-p-y2\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"175\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/preparation-of-building-blocks-1024x175-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52161 lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/175;width:768px;height:131px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/preparation-of-building-blocks-1024x175-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/preparation-of-building-blocks-1024x175-1-300x51.png 300w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/preparation-of-building-blocks-1024x175-1-768x131.png 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"175\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/preparation-of-building-blocks-1024x175-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52161\" style=\"width:768px;height:131px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/preparation-of-building-blocks-1024x175-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/preparation-of-building-blocks-1024x175-1-300x51.png 300w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/preparation-of-building-blocks-1024x175-1-768x131.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-building-block-ligation-to-form-double-strand-rna\">Building block ligation to form double strand RNA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Single stranded pieces can be prepared with ssRNAL then annealed and ligated with dsRNAL. Highly efficient single strand ligations can be determined that reduce the size (and cost) of chemically synthesised building blocks.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image u-p-y2\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"231\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Building-block-ligation-1024x231-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52162 lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/231;width:768px;height:173px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Building-block-ligation-1024x231-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Building-block-ligation-1024x231-1-300x68.png 300w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Building-block-ligation-1024x231-1-768x173.png 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"231\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Building-block-ligation-1024x231-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52162\" style=\"width:768px;height:173px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Building-block-ligation-1024x231-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Building-block-ligation-1024x231-1-300x68.png 300w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Building-block-ligation-1024x231-1-768x173.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-optimisation-of-double-strand-ligation-strategy\">Optimisation of double strand ligation strategy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>dsRNAL ligation does not require complete annealing allowing for the optimal enzyme selection for each ligation reaction at scale.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image u-p-y2\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"291\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Optimisation-of-double-291x300.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52163 lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 291px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 291\/300;width:291px;height:300px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Optimisation-of-double-291x300.png 291w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Optimisation-of-double.png 766w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 291px) 100vw, 291px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"291\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Optimisation-of-double-291x300.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52163\" style=\"width:291px;height:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Optimisation-of-double-291x300.png 291w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Optimisation-of-double.png 766w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 291px) 100vw, 291px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-production-of-double-stranded-rna-oligonucleotide-using-dsrnal-and-bridging-pieces\">Production of double stranded RNA oligonucleotide using dsRNAL and bridging pieces.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A short complementary bridging piece can be used along with dsRNAL to form a single stranded oligonucleotides. Two ligase reaction can be performed to form the complementary strands of a RNA duplex.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image u-p-y2\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"232\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Bridging-piece-1-1024x232-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52164 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Bridging-piece-1-1024x232-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Bridging-piece-1-1024x232-1-300x68.png 300w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Bridging-piece-1-1024x232-1-768x174.png 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/232;\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"232\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Bridging-piece-1-1024x232-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52164\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Bridging-piece-1-1024x232-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Bridging-piece-1-1024x232-1-300x68.png 300w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Bridging-piece-1-1024x232-1-768x174.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"224\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Bridging-piece-2-1024x224-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52165 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Bridging-piece-2-1024x224-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Bridging-piece-2-1024x224-1-300x66.png 300w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Bridging-piece-2-1024x224-1-768x168.png 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/224;\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"224\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Bridging-piece-2-1024x224-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Bridging-piece-2-1024x224-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Bridging-piece-2-1024x224-1-300x66.png 300w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/Bridging-piece-2-1024x224-1-768x168.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"u-a-left\"><a class=\"u-m-y4 c-btn c-btn-primary c-btn--red\" href=\"\/api-chemical-development\/contact-us\/\">Contact Us<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<!-- TX1 title-image.php -->\n\t\t\t<div class=\"c-box-link-title-image inside bottom black strip-none standard centre\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"o-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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data-bg-image=\"url(&#039;https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/biotcatalytic.jpeg&#039;)\">\n   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"c-link-box__content strip-none\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"u-m-b2\">Synthesis of single stranded RNA oligonucleotides<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"u-m-b2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUsing state-of the-art synthetic biology design\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n    <div class=\"  u-m-t-auto \">\n                            <div class=\"c-btn c-btn-secondary c-btn--none\">Find out more<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Only show pop up if acf is checked to show it 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data-bg-image=\"url(&#039;https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/4col-img-title.jpeg&#039;)\">\n   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"c-link-box__content strip-none\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"u-m-b2\">Enzyme panels available to support Oligonucleotide synthesis<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"u-m-b2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLearn more about the Enzyme panels available to support Oligonucleotide synthesis\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n    <div class=\"  u-m-t-auto \">\n                            <div class=\"c-btn c-btn-secondary c-btn--none\">Find out more<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Only show pop up if acf is checked to show it -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As well as having the technology to produce a single stranded oligonucleotide, Almac also has the capabilities to produce double stranded oligonucleotides. There are a number of different strategies that utilise both single stranded RNAL ligases (ssRNAL) and double stranded RNA ligases (dsRNAL) to accomplish production of the double stranded oligonucleotides. To create a double [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-52159","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.3.1 (Yoast SEO v26.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Synthesis of double stranded oligonucleotides - API Services &amp; Chemical Development<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The diverse selectAZyme\u2122 RNAL panel facilitates the screening of various strategies to construct double stranded oligonucleotides.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/synthesis-of-double-stranded-oligonucleotides\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Synthesis of double stranded oligonucleotides\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The diverse selectAZyme\u2122 RNAL panel facilitates the screening of various strategies to construct double stranded oligonucleotides.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/api-chemical-development\/synthesis-of-double-stranded-oligonucleotides\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"API Services &amp; 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