{"id":64,"date":"2020-01-22T10:24:44","date_gmt":"2020-01-22T10:24:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/?page_id=64"},"modified":"2023-05-18T12:19:07","modified_gmt":"2023-05-18T11:19:07","slug":"ddir","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/portfolio-overview\/ddir\/","title":{"rendered":"DDIR (DNA Damage Immune Response)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Almac DDIR &#8211; A predictive signature for DNA Damaging Agents and Immuno-Oncology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Almac has developed a 44 transcript RNA based gene expression signature (formerly known as DDRD) that detects a subgroup of tumours that have activation of immune signalling in response to genomic instability\/ associated with loss of the Fanconi Anaemia (FA)\/ BRCA pathway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Underlying Biology&nbsp; <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The DDIR molecular subtype represents tumours with a loss of function of the FA\/BRCA pathway, a key response mechanism to stalled DNA replication in the S-phase of the cell cycle. A loss in the FA\/ BRCA pathway or exogenous DNA damage can cause an accumulation of the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS, activating the STING\/TBK1\/IRF3 innate immune response. Constitutive activation of the cGAS pathway stimulates the immune transcription of chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5. Consequently, an infiltration of interferon-related genes including T-cell specific ligands such as CD4+ and CD8+ are seen in the epithelial region of DDIR positive tumours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Application<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The DDIR signature can be applied to formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumour specimens across multiple disease indications (breast, ovarian, oesophageal, prostate and others). Discovery and validation of this signature has been published in various scientific journals. (See related resources below).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Considering the underlying biology of the signature, DDIR branches into two main utilities:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/DDIR.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"824\" height=\"414\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/DDIR.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-962 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/DDIR.png 824w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/DDIR-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/DDIR-768x386.png 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 824px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 824\/414;\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"824\" height=\"414\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/DDIR.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-962\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/DDIR.png 824w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/DDIR-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/DDIR-768x386.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Almac\u2019s DDIR signature has the potential to be used as a companion diagnostic for either utility across a range of disease areas.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:48px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n    <div class=\"u-flex u-flex-justify-start   u-m-t-auto \">\n                            <a class=\"c-btn c-btn-secondary c-btn--red\" href=\"\/diagnostics\/contact-us\/\">Contact Us<\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:32px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/ClaraT-ref.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"642\" height=\"225\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/ClaraT-ref-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-964 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/ClaraT-ref-1.png 642w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/ClaraT-ref-1-300x105.png 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 642px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 642\/225;\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"642\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/ClaraT-ref-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-964\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/ClaraT-ref-1.png 642w, https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/ClaraT-ref-1-300x105.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:32px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Assessment of the Almac DDIR Signature can be made through use of Almac Diagnostic Services unique gene expression report,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/claratreport\/\">clara<sup>T<\/sup><\/a>. This provides visualisation of the DDIR signature scores as an easy-to-interpret graduated bar within the Avoiding Immune Destruction and Genome Instability &amp; Mutation Hallmarks of Cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"o-wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"o-grid\">\n\n\t\t<div class=\"o-grid__item u-width-full \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"u-m-b4\">Related Resources<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n            <div class=\"o-grid u-flex-align-stretch u-m-b3\">\n\n            \n                                            <article class=\"o-grid__item u-width-3\/12 u-width-4\/12@l u-width-6\/12@m u-width-full@s u-flex u-m-b3 u-a-full\">\n                    <div class=\"c-related-resources__panel u-flex u-flex-direction-column u-flex-align-flex-start u-p-x2 u-p-y2 u-m-b2\">\n                \n                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"u-m-b2 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/image.png\" alt=\"Validation of the DNA Damage Immune Response Signature in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer From the SWOG 9313c Trial\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 159px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 159\/159;\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"u-m-b2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/image.png\" alt=\"Validation of the DNA Damage Immune Response Signature in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer From the SWOG 9313c Trial\"><\/noscript>\n                        \n                                                    <p class=\"c-resource__category\">Publication<\/p>\n                        \n                                                    <h4 class=\"u-m-t2\">Validation of the DNA Damage Immune Response Signature in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer From the SWOG 9313c Trial<\/h4>\n                        \n                        \n                                                                                                                        <a class=\"u-m-t-auto c-btn c-btn-secondary c-btn--red\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Sharma-et-al.-2019.pdf\" target=\"\">Learn more<\/a>\n                                                                                                        <\/div> <!-- \/c-related-resoucres__panel -->\n                    <\/article>\n                                            <article class=\"o-grid__item u-width-3\/12 u-width-4\/12@l u-width-6\/12@m u-width-full@s u-flex u-m-b3 u-a-full\">\n                    <div class=\"c-related-resources__panel u-flex u-flex-direction-column u-flex-align-flex-start u-p-x2 u-p-y2 u-m-b2\">\n                \n                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"u-m-b2 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/Publication-Journal-of-the-National-Cancer-Institute-240x200-1.png\" alt=\"Activation of STING-Dependent Innate Immune Signalling By S-Phase-Specific DNA Damage in Breast Cancer\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 240px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 240\/200;\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"u-m-b2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/Publication-Journal-of-the-National-Cancer-Institute-240x200-1.png\" alt=\"Activation of STING-Dependent Innate Immune Signalling By S-Phase-Specific DNA Damage in Breast Cancer\"><\/noscript>\n                        \n                                                    <p class=\"c-resource__category\">Publication<\/p>\n                        \n                                                    <h4 class=\"u-m-t2\">Activation of STING-Dependent Innate Immune Signalling By S-Phase-Specific DNA Damage in Breast Cancer<\/h4>\n                        \n                        \n                                                                                                                        <a class=\"u-m-t-auto c-btn c-btn-secondary c-btn--red\" href=\"https:\/\/jnci.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/109\/1\/djw199.abstract?sid=eb0c8eb2-08c4-4dc7-95da-e969c8cbf0c8\" target=\"\">Learn more<\/a>\n                                                                                                        <\/div> <!-- \/c-related-resoucres__panel -->\n                    <\/article>\n                                            <article class=\"o-grid__item u-width-3\/12 u-width-4\/12@l u-width-6\/12@m u-width-full@s u-flex u-m-b3 u-a-full\">\n                    <div class=\"c-related-resources__panel u-flex u-flex-direction-column u-flex-align-flex-start u-p-x2 u-p-y2 u-m-b2\">\n                \n                                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"u-m-b2 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/I-O-240x200-1.png\" alt=\"Almac Group Discover an Exciting Link between its Immune Response Assay and Checkpoint Inhibitor Based Therapy\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 240px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 240\/200;\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"u-m-b2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/I-O-240x200-1.png\" alt=\"Almac Group Discover an Exciting Link between its Immune Response Assay and Checkpoint Inhibitor Based Therapy\"><\/noscript>\n                        \n                                                    <p class=\"c-resource__category\">News<\/p>\n                        \n                                                    <h4 class=\"u-m-t2\">Almac Group Discover an Exciting Link between its Immune Response Assay and Checkpoint Inhibitor Based Therapy<\/h4>\n                        \n                        \n                                                                                                                        <a class=\"u-m-t-auto c-btn c-btn-secondary c-btn--red\" href=\"\/news\/almac-group-discover-an-exciting-link-between-its-immune-response-assay-and-checkpoint-inhibitor-based-therapy\/\" target=\"\">Learn more<\/a>\n                                                                                                        <\/div> <!-- \/c-related-resoucres__panel -->\n                    <\/article>\n                                            <article class=\"o-grid__item u-width-3\/12 u-width-4\/12@l u-width-6\/12@m u-width-full@s u-flex u-m-b3 u-a-full\">\n                    <div class=\"c-related-resources__panel u-flex u-flex-direction-column u-flex-align-flex-start u-p-x2 u-p-y2 u-m-b2\">\n                \n                        \n                                                    <p class=\"c-resource__category\">Publication<\/p>\n                        \n                                                    <h4 class=\"u-m-t2\">Identification and Validation of an Anthracycline \/ Cyclophosphamide\u2013Based Chemotherapy Response Assay<\/h4>\n                        \n                        \n                                                                                                                        <a class=\"u-m-t-auto c-btn c-btn-secondary c-btn--red\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnci\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jnci\/djt335\/2517835\/Identification-and-Validation-of-an-Anthracycline\" target=\"\">Learn more<\/a>\n                                                                                                        <\/div> <!-- \/c-related-resoucres__panel -->\n                    <\/article>\n                                            <article class=\"o-grid__item u-width-3\/12 u-width-4\/12@l u-width-6\/12@m u-width-full@s u-flex u-m-b3 u-a-full\">\n                    <div class=\"c-related-resources__panel u-flex u-flex-direction-column u-flex-align-flex-start u-p-x2 u-p-y2 u-m-b2\">\n                \n                        \n                                                    <p class=\"c-resource__category\">News<\/p>\n                        \n                                                    <h4 class=\"u-m-t2\">Almac publishes breast cancer chemotherapy response assay in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute<\/h4>\n                        \n                        \n                                                                                                                        <a class=\"u-m-t-auto c-btn c-btn-secondary c-btn--red\" href=\"\/news\/almac-publishes-breast-cancer-chemotherapy-response-assay-in-the-journal-of-the-national-cancer-institute\/\" target=\"\">Learn more<\/a>\n                                                                                                        <\/div> <!-- \/c-related-resoucres__panel -->\n                    <\/article>\n                                            <article class=\"o-grid__item u-width-3\/12 u-width-4\/12@l u-width-6\/12@m u-width-full@s u-flex u-m-b3 u-a-full\">\n                    <div class=\"c-related-resources__panel u-flex u-flex-direction-column u-flex-align-flex-start u-p-x2 u-p-y2 u-m-b2\">\n                \n                        \n                                                    <p class=\"c-resource__category\">Poster<\/p>\n                        \n                                                    <h4 class=\"u-m-t2\">DNA Damage Response Deficiency Assay predicts response to treatment in ovarian cancer<\/h4>\n                        \n                        \n                                                                                                                        <a class=\"u-m-t-auto c-btn c-btn-secondary c-btn--red\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/DNA-Damage-Response-Deficiency-Assay-predicts-response-to-treatment-in-ovarian-cancer-ESMO-2013-Copy.pdf\" target=\"\">Learn more<\/a>\n                                                                                                        <\/div> <!-- \/c-related-resoucres__panel -->\n                    <\/article>\n                                            <article class=\"o-grid__item u-width-3\/12 u-width-4\/12@l u-width-6\/12@m u-width-full@s u-flex u-m-b3 u-a-full\">\n                    <div class=\"c-related-resources__panel u-flex u-flex-direction-column u-flex-align-flex-start u-p-x2 u-p-y2 u-m-b2\">\n                \n                        \n                                                    <p class=\"c-resource__category\">Poster<\/p>\n                        \n                                                    <h4 class=\"u-m-t2\">Identification of a novel breast cancer molecular subgroup associated with a deficiency in DNA-damage response<\/h4>\n                        \n                        \n                                                                                                                        <a class=\"u-m-t-auto c-btn c-btn-secondary c-btn--red\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Identification-of-a-novel-breast-cancer-molecular-subgroup-associated-with-a-deficiency-in-DNA-damage-response-Copy.pdf\" target=\"\">Learn more<\/a>\n                                                                                                        <\/div> <!-- \/c-related-resoucres__panel -->\n                    <\/article>\n                                            <article class=\"o-grid__item u-width-3\/12 u-width-4\/12@l u-width-6\/12@m u-width-full@s u-flex u-m-b3 u-a-full\">\n                    <div class=\"c-related-resources__panel u-flex u-flex-direction-column u-flex-align-flex-start u-p-x2 u-p-y2 u-m-b2\">\n                \n                        \n                                                    <p class=\"c-resource__category\">Poster<\/p>\n                        \n                                                    <h4 class=\"u-m-t2\">Impact of DNA Repair Deficiency Signature on Outcomes in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Patients Treated with AC Chemotherapy<\/h4>\n                        \n                        \n                                                                                                                        <a class=\"u-m-t-auto c-btn c-btn-secondary c-btn--red\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Impact-of-DNA-Repair-Deficiency-Signature-on-Outcomes-in-Triple-Negative-Breast-Cancer-TNBC-Patients-Treated-with-AC-Chemotherapy.pptx\" target=\"\">Learn more<\/a>\n                                                                                                        <\/div> <!-- \/c-related-resoucres__panel -->\n                    <\/article>\n                                            <article class=\"o-grid__item u-width-3\/12 u-width-4\/12@l u-width-6\/12@m u-width-full@s u-flex u-m-b3 u-a-full\">\n                    <div class=\"c-related-resources__panel u-flex u-flex-direction-column u-flex-align-flex-start u-p-x2 u-p-y2 u-m-b2\">\n                \n                        \n                                                    <p class=\"c-resource__category\">Poster<\/p>\n                        \n                                                    <h4 class=\"u-m-t2\">Association of a DNA Damage Response Deficiency (DDRD) Assay with Prognosis in Resected Esophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinoma<\/h4>\n                        \n                        \n                                                                                                                        <a class=\"u-m-t-auto c-btn c-btn-secondary c-btn--red\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Association-of-a-DNA-Damage-Response-Deficiency-DDRD-Assay-with-Prognosis-in-Resected-Esophageal-and-Gastric-Adenocarcinoma.pdf\" target=\"\">Learn more<\/a>\n                                                                                                        <\/div> <!-- \/c-related-resoucres__panel -->\n                    <\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Almac DDIR &#8211; A predictive signature for DNA Damaging Agents and Immuno-Oncology Almac has developed a 44 transcript RNA based gene expression signature (formerly known as DDRD) that detects a subgroup of tumours that have activation of immune signalling in response to genomic instability\/ associated with loss of the Fanconi Anaemia (FA)\/ BRCA pathway. The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":51,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-64","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.3.1 (Yoast SEO v26.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>DDIR (DNA Damage Immune Response) - Diagnostic Services | A predictive signature for DNA Damaging Agents and Immuno-Oncology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Almac has developed a 44 transcript RNA based gene expression signature (formerly known as DDRD) that detects a subgroup of tumours that have activation of immune signalling in response to genomic instability\/ associated with loss of the Fanconi Anaemia (FA)\/ BRCA pathway.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/portfolio-overview\/ddir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DDIR (DNA Damage Immune Response)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Almac has developed a 44 transcript RNA based gene expression signature (formerly known as DDRD) that detects a subgroup of tumours that have activation of immune signalling in response to genomic instability\/ associated with loss of the Fanconi Anaemia (FA)\/ BRCA pathway.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/portfolio-overview\/ddir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Diagnostic Services\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-18T11:19:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/03\/DDIR.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/portfolio-overview\/ddir\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.almacgroup.com\/diagnostics\/portfolio-overview\/ddir\/\",\"name\":\"DDIR (DNA Damage Immune Response) - 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